Fallida ley migratoria Alabama HB56, modelo de Trump

La fallida ley HB 56 de Alabama sobre  inmigrantes indocumentados  fue en su dà ­a considerada como la mà ¡s dura de Estados Unidos. Tras la victoria de Trump surgen voces que consideran que deberà ­a ser el modelo migratorio. Por esta razà ³n es importante conocer en quà © consistà ­a esta ley de 2011, comenzando con las partes de la misma que sà ­ son de aplicacià ³n para seguir con quà © partes fueron dejadas sin valor pero que se considera que pueden ser modelo para la administracià ³n Trump. Disposiciones de la ley HB-56 que sà ­ se aplican La policà ­a puede investigar el estado legal de cualquier persona de la que razonablemente sospechen que puede estar en el paà ­s ilegalmente. Es decir, puede exigir que se presenten papeles que demuestren el estado legal de una persona. Es lo que en inglà ©s se denomina stop and ask o show me the papers. Asimismo, la ley reconoce el derecho a demandar a la policà ­a que pida los papeles sin que exista una sospecha razonable sobre el condicià ³n de indocumentada de una persona. Las personas arrestadas mientras se verifica su estatus legal o mientras esperan para ser puestas a disposicià ³n del ICE para su deportacià ³n, cuando ya ha quedado claro su condicià ³n de indocumentadas, no tienen derecho a fianza. Es decir, no se las va a dejar libres mientras se resuelve definitivamente su caso. Provisiones de la ley que no se aplican por decisià ³n de las Cortes federales Por decisià ³n de la Corte de Apelaciones del Circuito 11, no se autoriza a las escuelas pà ºblicas a que verifiquen el estatus legal de los nuevos estudiantes ni tampoco de sus padres. Tambià ©n la Corte de Apelaciones del Circuito 11 suspendià ³Ã‚  la obligacià ³n de toda persona de llevar en todo momento un ID. Y tambià ©n por decisià ³n de la misma corte no puede  aplicarse la provisià ³n de la Ley de Alabama que prohibe las relaciones comerciales en las que una de las partes es un indocumentado. La aplicacià ³n de esta provisià ³n en la prà ¡ctica implicarà ­a que las personas indocumentada no podrà ­an, entre otras actividades, tener una cuenta en un banco o un contrato con la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a suministradora de los servicios de agua o electricidad o un contrato de arrendamiento. Tampoco aplica  la disposicià ³n de la ley que prohibe que las cortes del estado de Alabama obliguen al cumplimiento de los contratos celebrados entre una persona indocumentada y otra que sabe el estatus inmigratorio irregular de la primera. Contexto de la ley Alabama HB-56 Alabama no forma parte de los estados con mayor porcentaje de poblacià ³n extranjera, pero à ©sta es muy reciente ya que la inmigracià ³n ha crecido enormemente en los à ºltimos diez aà ±os. Se estima que viven en Alabama 185,000 hispanos, tanto ciudadanos como residentes legales como indocumentados, principalmente en los condados del norte del estado. En Alabama se considera que el 4,2 por ciento del total de la fuerza laboral no tiene papeles para trabajar y que el 2,5 por ciento del total de la poblacià ³n de ese estado es indocumentada. A pesar de su bajo porcentaje de inmigrantes indocumentados, Alabama ha seguido el ejemplo de otros estados como Arizona al aprobar leyes restrictivas de la inmigracià ³n. La idea de esta ley y otras semejantes es hacer muy difà ­cil el dà ­a a dà ­a para los inmigrantes indocumentados de tal manera que tomen estos la decisià ³n de irse de los Estados Unidos o o que tambià ©n se conoce como self-deportation. Quià ©nes apoyan la HB-56 y quià ©nes la critican Apoyan la ley los partidarios de controlar rà ­gidamente la inmigracià ³n ilegal, entre los que se encuentra el gobernador de Alabama. Entre los que la rechazan destacan no sà ³lo los grupos defensores de los derechos de los inmigrantes sino tambià ©n un importante nà ºmero de organizaciones religiosas. Tambià ©n encontrà ³Ã‚  una importante crà ­tica en el sector de los empresarios agrà ­colas, por las dificultades que pone el sistema legal para contratar a trabajadores extranjeros mediante la visa H-2A para labores de campo. Y es que   no funciona lo bien que debiera como para garantizar que trabajadores legales puedan sustituir a los ilegales. En consecuencia temà ­an que no pudieran realizar todas las labores agrà ­colas, particularmente en à ©poca de cosecha. Por à ºltimo, tambià ©n se ha notado cierta crà ­tica a la ley por parte de distintas fuerzas de seguridad. Las razones son bà ¡sicamente dos: por un lado creen que las nuevas labores incrementarà ¡n notablemente el gasto de sus departamentos. Y, por otro lado, se cree que la disposicià ³n sospecha razonable para poder realizar un stop and ask es ambigua y puede acabar dando lugar a que se presenten demandas contra los agentes de la policà ­a. Dà ³nde pedir ayuda por ahora en caso de abusos en Alabama El Departamento de Justicia del Gobierno federal bajo la administracià ³n Obama ha creado una là ­nea directa para denunciar violaciones de los derechos civiles que se puedan estar cometiendo relacionados con la aplicacià ³n de esta ley. Se puede marcar al 1-855-353-1010 o escribir un correo electrà ³nico a Hb56usdoj.gov y denunciar. La administracià ³n Trump puede varias esta situacià ³n. Quà © hacen otros estados respecto a la inmigracià ³n indocumentada Mientras que lugares como Alabama, Arizona, Carolina del Sur, Georgia y Utah han pasado leyes restrictivas de la inmigracià ³n indocumentada, otros han hecho lo contrario en asuntos que afectan a la salud, estudios universitarios, licencias de manejar, etc. Y es que mientras que la ley migratoria federal es igual en todo Estados Unidos cada estado aprueba medidas que afectan de manera distinta la calidad de vida de los migrantes. Y eso tambià ©n lo que hay que tener en consideracià ³n a la hora de elegir dà ³nde vivir. Hay estados que permiten que tengan licencias de manejar, no colaboran con las autoridades federales a la hora de proporcionar informacià ³n sobre estatus migratorio, han creado ciudades santuario, permiten a los estudiantes indocumentados acceder a matrà ­culas estatales, etc. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Central America S Child Migrants A Humanitarian Crisis

CENTRAL AMERICA’S CHILD MIGRANTS: A HUMANITARIAN CRISIS Policy Position Analysis Chris Prince Policy Evaluation PUP 4003 Dr. Natasha Christie December 9, 2014 Introduction: According to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the number of unaccompanied children (UAC’s) apprehended crossing the border into the United States has increased from fewer than 20,000 in 2011 to over 66,000 as of August 2014, with a projected total of 77,200 by the end of the fiscal year (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2014). The large majority of UAC’s migrate from Central America, namely El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras (50,303 in total) (USCBP, 2014). The policy response to the recent surge of UAC’s has been inadequate, and highly†¦show more content†¦Failing economies and weak institutions are also to blame; corruption and an inability to enforce the law have left citizens to fend for themselves (UNHCR, 2014). Those most vulnerable, specifically women and children, are targets of extortion, forced gang recruitment, rape, torture, and murder on a regular basis. Yet, many policy makers in the U.S. view the current mass migration as an immigration issue, thusly; the policy debate has centered on border security and enforcement rather than humanitarian need. It is the last resort of desperate parents to send a child on a dangerous overland journey of up to 1,500 miles, often times on foot or freight hopping on deadly trains. To better understand the circumstances that would create such a desperate situation it helps to understand how Central America came to be so violent and poorly governed in the first place. Historical Context: Weak Institutions: Since the late 1800’s, â€Å"Latin America [has been] the incubator for all great United States multinational corporations† (Harvest of Empire, 2012). The domination of the local resources and land, by MNC’s and the maintenance of that domination by the U.S. military effectively captured many Central American states economically and politically. This went on from the 1896 until the end of WWII when U.S. policy shifted, the paradigm became more

The Generation Of Young Professionals - 1375 Words

Our world today is dominated by a fast paced, result driven society. We are surrounded by busy people, full schedules, and an inquiry for the next greatest thing. Millennials, representing the largest generation in America today by accounting for a total of one-third of the total U.S. population, are the rising professionals of society today and, for better or for worse, will soon be the next up and coming leaders in our career fields. However, due to the burst of scientific and technological development that has so rapidly occurred over the past twenty years, this generation of young professionals is distinctly unique from those of the past in the sense that we are more informed, yet less relational. High exposure to instantaneous†¦show more content†¦Cognitive behavioral therapy, a more modern model of therapy that focuses on evidence based results, can be compared to the mindset of many practicing millennials today; yet, there is still something for this generation of pra ctitioners to hold on to from the founding father of the more in-depth and personal, psychoanalytic therapy. Therefore, this essay will serve the purpose of comparing and contrasting the two therapies, cognitive and psychoanalytic, and analyzing their functionality today. The Nature of the Person: Psychoanalytic therapy and cognitive therapy differ distinctly from one another in their view of the nature of the person. Psychoanalytic therapy emphasizes a deterministic view of human nature, meaning that there are many pre-determined factors that result in the occurrence of an event or outcome in the life of the individual. This idea stems from the philosophical idea that every human action or decision is impacted by inevitable external stimuli. It is understandable that this would be the concept of human nature during the era of its founder Freud, who first developed psychoanalytic theory during a time in which science was beginning to question traditional thinking. Scientists like Ernest Rutherford and Neil Bohr recognized that there are physical laws that control the motion of atoms, alluding to a deterministic world in which objects are pre-determined in physical patterns and movement. However, other

Ethical Issues for IT Security Professionals-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Issues in ICT. Answer: It professionals, especially those offering security services, have access to private and confidential information about other people and companies and their network and applications. This access gives such individuals the power that can either be used for benefit of others or abused for personal gains or malice. Unfortunately, the field lacks standardized requirements for the specialists. Usually, IT experts are taught technical skills that lack consideration on how their abilities can be used for wrong reasons (Shinder, 2005). Furthermore, it is not mandatory for IT security professionals to join the few existing associations focused on addressing ethical issues in ICT. Regrettably, many IT security professionals lack understanding of the ethical issues concerning their careers. On the contrary, the experts make many decisions in their line of duty that result in critical ethical concerns. IT firms and security experts have raised concerns about the security of company and individual data in computer environments in the wake of increased hacking and virus attacks that have led to huge loss of money and destruction of brand reputation. In effect, firms have become very afraid of the trend and business owners are willing to do anything to secure their information assets. As such, security experts can play on customers fear to exploit them by making them spend more money on security tools than they ought to pay (Ahmed, 2015). Marking up software got for a customer when passing the cost through can become unethical when the IT specialist puts an extremely and an unjustifiable price on a product. Further, accepting kickbacks from manufacturers might be unethical since an IT security professional can convince clients to purchase low-quality solutions for them to receive commissions. Business transactions in all fields should not overstep on crucial values such as transparency and honesty. As such, pricing ethics should establish a balance between an IT professional and the customer. Unfortunately, few authorities control pricing practices since. Further, pricing legality and ethics are not regulated and they flow freely between right and wrong. However, IT professionals and providers should practice some pricing measures that can be considered ethical. One first strategy that IT security experts should avoid to achieve an ethical price model includes price fixing involving service providers only without consumer representatives. Instead, price fixing agreement should bring together the product manufacturer, IT specialist, and consumers to set a justifiable price for a good or service. For instance, IT professionals can agree on a fixed hourly rate together with clients. Competition between the experts can only drive the prices down but not higher than the agreed one. At this point, associations should regulate competitors (IT security professionals) to prevent them from collaborating to increase base prices to manipulate fickle clients. Another loophole that IT experts should avoid is favoritism based on rigging a bid. This case involves promising clients that they will get a reliable solution based on their requirements, yet the professional knows that the product will be purchased from a manufacturer based on commissions and kickbacks offered and not the capabilities of that solution. This unethical behavior hurts the client and the best producer may never sell their products since they are not offering good commissions. Professionals should overcome this unethical challenge by offering information on all existing solutions (manufacturers) and giving the client the freedom to select their choice. IT security professionals should ensure that they source product from the manufacturer selected by the consumer without favoritism caused by favoritism, kickbacks, or shareholding power. This process should be transparent and honest to ensure that all parties benefit in and to avoid conflicts the future. Additionally, professionals should avoid price discrimination that involves selling solutions at different prices based on the consumer (Merler, 2017). As mentioned earlier, customers might be willing to spend more than expected out of fear of an attack on their confidential data. In effect, a professional can end up quoting only highly-priced solutions even in cases where the problem can be solved efficiently using a cheaper product or service. Moreover, the IT personnel might overprice a cheap solution to a customer willing to pay for it. Price discrimination is an unethical behavior that professionals should avoid to prevent future backlash. Finally, a client can place a higher value than the cost of developing a product. In effect, a manufacturer or an IT professional might find it justifiable to accept the exaggerated offer and matching it with non-existing value or the solution. For instance, highly-skilled experts and IT products with a limited supply can end up being demanded by more consumers at higher prices than what the vendor was looking for. In such cases, manufacturers and professional should not ask for exorbitant prices that extremely exceed the cost of producing that item. Ultimately, IT manufacturers and personnel should avoid offering services and products at unethical prices. It is always advisable to set pricing by considering all stakeholders, including the customer. ICT is not about quick business. The field benefits more from healthy relationships between suppliers and consumers. As such, stakeholders should ensure they adopt sustainable practices to avoid brand and other business disasters in the future. References Ahmed, M. (2015). Ethical issues for IT security professionals. LinkedIn. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ethical-issues-security-professionals-mostafa-ahmed Merler, S. (2017). Big data and first-degree price discrimination. Bruegel. Retrieved from https://bruegel.org/2017/02/big-data-and-first-degree-price-discrimination/ Shinder, D. (2005). Ethical issues for IT security professionals. Computerworld. Retrieved from https://www.computerworld.com/article/2557944/security0/ethical-issues-for-it-security-professionals.html Top of Form Bottom of Form