Sustainable Talent Management - 1401 Words

Sustainable Talent Management In order for organizations to meet the growing demands of business sustainability and maintain a competitive advantage over the competition, businesses are encouraged to take a hard look at their talent pool (Urlaub, 2011). This process aims to retain employees and foster their continuing development of skills and competencies to achieve the organization’s immediate performance goals and long-term strategic objectives. This often requires managers to incorporate a wide variety of perspectives in their talent appraisals. The ability for an organization to identify, select, develop, and retain highly valued skill sets can set a company apart. Talent Management Strategy is defined as an†¦show more content†¦The talent review process is the single most important element in managing leadership talent pools. An organizations approach to reviewing and managing talent typically evolves as the strategic issues change in the organization (Silzer and Dowell, 2010). There are a few key concepts that should be evaluated: 1. Identify Talent – this can be done by reviewing the reviews and getting feedback from current leaders to see who is ready to move up or be in the talent pipeline. 2. Identifying at risk talent pools – Where are the talent concerns? What is the reason for these concerns? 3. Evaluating gaps in the leadership pipeline – what holes exist between the current state and the desired future state for selected applicants. 4. Share the feedback with employees – let them know what is they are doing right and wrong and what ways to improve and what are there next steps. 5. Keep ongoing review – reviews are typically done one a year but as an organization, constant feedback is always good to make sure that employees are staying on the right track. Organizations of all sizes are finding that the talent they need is scarce and they are looking internally to review and develop their internal talent pool (Silzer and Dowell, 2010). Constant review of talent will help build and maintain a talent pool for a growing organization or an organization that will be affected by retirement. PerformanceShow MoreRelatedEmployee Engagement And Sustainable Talent Management2531 Words   |  11 Pagesdepth understanding of employee engagement and sustainable talent management. These concepts will be studied with reference to a well renowned charitable trust in the United Kingdom; known as the Dartington Hall. This report is expected to be of great relevance for more or less all those organizations that aim to work upon the proficiency and effectiveness of the engagement of their employees in the work and also upon rightfully managing the talent which they have. In this report, major emphasisRead MoreEssay Assignments # 5 Sustainable Talent Management5457 Words   |  22 PagesAssignments # 5 Sustainable Talent Management Utilizing Talent Management Strategy in Mind from Assignment 3 write a paper responding to five statements. Julian Phillips March 18, 2012 Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS)-HRM 532 Dr. Zelphia A. Brown, SPHR, Instructor Sustainable Talent Management Utilizing Talent Management Strategy in Mind from Assignment 3 write a paper responding to five statements. 1. Determine which performance management process you will employee to measureRead MoreTalent Management is New Innovation Taking Over Human Resources1192 Words   |  5 Pageshuman resources (HR). The emergence of Talent Management (TM) is the innovative focus that is combined with management issues and HR methods (Bersin, 2006). How can an organisation be more efficient when recruiting new staff? How can companies identify competency issues and solve these through training or development options? How can they manage their employees to affiliate them with company goals and missions? How can organisations identify their top talent and reposition them to gain maximum outcomeRead MoreHR and the Competiton for Talent Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s competitive workforce, talent is not only incremental, but also scarce. War for talent, a term coined by Steven Hankin of McKinsey Company, refers to the competitive landscape of talent management of skilled and valuable e mployees. Talent management is defined as â€Å"the implementation of integrated strategies or systems designed to increase workplace productivity by developing improved processes for attracting, developing, retaining and utilizing people with the required skills and aptitudeRead MoreSouthern Company Case Study1314 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment #4 Southern Company Case Study June 5, 2013 1. Evaluate the effectiveness of the roles that the strategic leaders played in the formation of the performance management strategy. Southern Company is an electric utility company headquartered in Atlanta, GA.   The company owns electric utilities in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi and services roughly 4.4 million customers.   Southern Company also provides fiber optics and wireless communications.   Southern Company brandsRead MoreBank of America or Mcdonald’s Case Study1695 Words   |  7 Pages1 Jamelle Reeves Assignment 1: Bank of America or McDonald’s Case Study Valencia Westray-Miller HRM532 Talent Management 2 Bank of Americas talent management program led to success for the company Bank of Americas executive performance and retention strategy breaks down into the objectives set out in Figure 2Read MoreTalent Management1676 Words   |  7 Pages1. Determine which performance management process you will employ to measure employee talent. As I review the chapters, and think about the process that would be best to measure employee talent, I believe that my favorite would be the 360 performance management process. So I will employ this one to measure employee talent for this assignment. It is known for providing critical on-going feedback to maximize performance in organizations. The on-going feedback helps everyone maximize their performanceRead MoreTalent Managmnt4452 Words   |  18 PagesTalent Management Terry Meyer November 2005 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED COPYRIGHT Disclaimer Publication or other use of this document by any unauthorised person is strictly prohibited. The views expressed in this document are, unless otherwise stated, those of the author and not those of Fasset. THE CONTEXT OF TALENT MANAGEMENT As South Africa embarks on it’s journey into the second decade of democracy, few can argue that tremendous strides have been made on the political, economic, socialRead MoreThe Preferred Approach From The Perspective Of The Employee9293 Words   |  38 Pagespreference of the employee and two is data indicating satisfaction with ITM being approached in that manner. To determine these two, the questionnaire had relevant questions. The first question of interest was 11. Internal talent management is better than external talent management. The second question of interest is question 10 which directly addresses the issue of satisfaction as a consequence of ITM programs. Question 11. ITM programs improve my job satisfaction levels. To find out which approachRead MoreTalent Management2945 Words   |  12 PagesCritically evaluate the development issues that arise for managing talent. Evaluate the appropriateness of different development interventions for talented employees. Introduction: Talent management is defined as the strategies and practices needed to identify, develop, attract and retain skilled workers of value to an organisation. (Rands 2009). It can be described as a holistic approach to the strategic management of the organisation’s employees. Organisations need to view their people as investments

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1331 Words

Hester may seem like an ordinary sinner, but once the symbols are devoured, Hester is much more complex. As seen in the novel, The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, symbols provide underlying messages to the reader, to help learn more about characters and plot. In the novel, the three main characters, Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth, are struggling the battle of sin and the consequences that come about. In the Puritan society, there are many religious references and concepts. While Hester is judged by the society for her sin, others in her life are affected by it also. The book opens up with Hester standing on the scaffold, where she is made a shame. Through the book, Hester s life is dug into deeper, as the reader finds out who she truly is and who the people around her have become. The symbols in the book are necessary to understanding the underlying themes of the text. Throughout the book, the most important symbols to understand are, nature and the black man, Dimmesda le s mark and scarlet letter, and Pearl. Nature and the black man are two symbols that shine upon the theme of evil and sin. The forest is a place where Hester is free from judgment. It is a safe haven away from the Puritan society. It is truly a place where Hester and Pearl can be themselves. It describes how Hester is free from society when it says, She had wandered, without rule or guidance, in a moral wilderness; as vast, as intricate, and shadowy, as the untamed forest (HawthorneShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

The sound in music industy unit free essay sample

The Music Industry In this essay I will be discussing the four mall areas of the music Industry; I hope to gain knowledge about them and how they connect to one another so I can better myself overall as a musician. Record Labels: Record Labels are brands that are responsible for marketing the music recordings and music videos of bands/artists; there are two types of record labels, major and independent. There are only 3 major record labels left which are universal Music Group, Warner Music Group and Sony Music Group, a record label is classed major when it has more than 5% market share.Major Record Labels There are many pros to signing to a major record label and the most obvious and perhaps most important one Is that these big companies have a lot of money, this means they will be spending more money promoting your record, which means a higher chance of sales and popularity. Having more cash available also means they will invest a lot in touring, recording and music videos which will all benefit your career In a band or as a solo artist.Although the pros of signing a major record deal sounds incredibly rewarding, there is a few downsides which may cause a band/ artist to be put off. Firstly, signing to a major record company wont always last as long as the artist wants It to; if your major label Is paying a lot of money to promote you they will not keep you signed If you are not selling records to return the output of money back into their pockets. A lot of the time they will sign a lot of acts just to see what ones are popular and will make money, resulting in the unpopular acts being dropped. Furthermore, things like artist unfriendly deals which leave the artist earning a lot less money than the label and not having full creative control of eternal are all disadvantages which could leave an artist or band seeking a better deal from in an independent label. 1 Independent Record Labels An independent record label is a label not associated with the big three major labels, a lot of artists start their career on Independent labels.One pro of an Independent label Is that they love your music; this means they will be working harder with you, this also means you will have close working relationships with the label due to smaller staff and a smaller roster which means you can contact your label easier and ask them questions. Also independent labels have artist friendly deals, you will have more creative control and independent labels are unlikely to contract you to multi album deals. Independent labels also have a few cons and the main one being money, which was the main pro of a major label.With less money available this will mean you wont have large recording budgets, huge promotion deals and things like tour support, you will have to support yourself financially which Is why a lot of artists would prefer a major record deal. Along with a shortage of money, other cons of Indies labels include size which means less purchasing power and also disorientation. Overall I believe the best type of record label depends on preference, if an artist is seeking fame and fortune a major label deal would be best for them as more money would be available to them and they would be promoted and better known.If an artist felt strongly about the music they wrote and wanted to have full creative If you want to get signed to a record label you can start by sending in your demo to the A department and then things can advance from there if they like what they hear. Record labels have separate department that help find and sign artists which is A, they help find artists by listening to demos, going to gigs and watching recordings of bands to find talent, they would contact the artist and tell them how they would develop them as an artist.Furthermore, they find the right songs for the artist, make sure they work with the right producer and find the right studio; A are also the department that handles contract negotiations. As an A person you must understand w hat music is current and what can become popular, this is an important Job and you must have a good ear as this person bridges the gap between cord labels and artists and can be the person responsible for signing the next big thing. If you want to get signed to a record label you can start by sending in your demo to the A department and then things can advance from there if they like hat they hear. What can record labels offer you? Recording studios are also another thing that comes with a signing a record deal, perks of a recording studio includes top of the range equipment and rooms with excellent acoustics to give your band a better sound when recording, you will also have a well-trained sound engineer to mix and produce your song, however these an be expensive and leave you with less money for things like touring. I believe recording your music in a studio will also give it a better sound which means it will also be more likely to sell.Record labels will also help you distribute your material, Retail is selling your music by physical sales or through the internet, you can sell songs and albums for digital download over the internet on multiple platforms such as tunes or Amazon, once a song is bought a percentage goes to the retailer and the rest to the artist and label. Selling your music on CD is distributed slightly different, abeles will discuss with the retailer how many copies they want to order and once an amount has been agreed the cads will be shipped then sold.Overall I believe selling {Our music for digital purchase is better as internet sales are becoming very popular as people can download songs straight to their phones, also you make less of a loss if {Our songs dont sell on tunes or Amazon etc. As you havent had to pay for CD printing. Ii Music Publishing: A music publisher or m usic publishing company is in charge of making sure songwriters and composers receive their royalty payments when their compositions re used commercially. They will also help distribute and promote music that is created, license songs to record companies and copyright songs and compositions, their Job is to promote and protect songs and compositions. Finding songwriters and composers in a music publishing company is also handled by AR, songwriters and composers can be found on Youth, Twitter, Backbone and other social media sites; furthermore there are traditional methods like going to gigs to find songwriters and composers. Promotion One of the most important Jobs to a music publisher is promoting songs, this means tenting the songs to be used in ways that earn money. They can talk to music supervisors to get songs played in films, TV shows and advertisements which can bring in a lot of money due to synchronization rights and royalties. 5 Publishers will Ninth. They can also make deals with musicians that want to use songs their clients have written/composes.It is very important that a music publisher or music publishing company promotes well because getting your music heard and recognized can be the forefront to your success. Copyright management Copyright means protecting material and allowing composers to be paid for their N or, if something is copyrighted it means the creators of the material are in charge of it and can decide who uses their work and what circumstances it is used in. In a song the musical work and lyrics are both protected, to copyright something it has to be original and not copied; it must be recorded on paper or on CD. It is important a music publisher copyrights their songwriters/composers material otherwise it can be copied by other people and they will not be able to prosecute in court without copyright. 6 Performing rights Performing rights are the right to perform songs in a public place; it is part of upright law and means the composer/songwriter and publisher will be paid, the royalties would be split 50/50.Performance rights mean a group who are not copyright holders are performing a piece of music publicly, performances are considered public if they are in a public place such as a nightclub, restaurant or at a concert. This is another reason why it is important for a music publishing company to copyright their clients music, so they can claim royalties and money can be made from their material. Live performance: Live performance inclu des things like gigs and festivals, I will be discussing some of he roles that make a live performance and how they work.Promoting a Live Performance ere main thing that completes a live performance is people, without people turning Jp to your live performance you will fail to create an atmosphere and most importantly not make any money back from the high costs of renting a venue hiring staff etc. So to get people to come along to your event/performance you need to promote. Promoting techniques you can use include printing off posters and posting them everywhere you can, ask small shops if you can put them in the windows or even stick them to lampposts. However you need a good eye catching poster otherwise it will go unnoticed.Other ways to promote include promoting your event on social networking like Backbone and Twitter, you can create an event and invite as many people as you like; people are likely to see this as a lot of people have their phones on them all the time and will receive a notification when invited. Online and physical ways of promoting can both be effective when done right, but if you want a large amount of people to notice your event and consider coming you need to do both online and physical promotion. Setting up a live performance o set up for a live performance you need to start by gathering some equipment.It is advisable you go and take a look at the v enue a few weeks before the show day so seeing if the venue has a PA, if not you may want to hire or invest in one; if you are hosting the event at your own venue it is worth buying your own PA to save money in the long term. Other things include staging space, make sure there is ample floor space for the performers to stand and you may want to bring a stage/drum riser if there arent any there already. Lighting can also be important in bringing atmosphere to a performance. Finally, you will at least a handful of staff on the night such as security, stagehands and a sound engineer. When hosting an event you may want to choose for more expensive equipment whilst saving money on staff, good equipment Nail improve sound and experience meaning people will want to come again; but you can get away with hiring people for not much at all as people are happy to get into a free show and help. Health and safety Health and safety precautions at a live performance are incredibly important, start by making sure there is a person in charge of first aid as this is also the law; people are keel to get hurt in a crowd of people by tripping up or bumping into people.Secondly, when sorting and setting up electrical equipment you need to make sure Mires are not across the stage in the air as this could cause a trip hazard for performers and also make sure there are no trip hazards in the crowd standing space also. Another precaution to take is making sure staging is secured properly; if heavy staging equipment is not put together correctly accidents could happen causing big injuries which could mean you not being able to host events again. A IANAL thing to take into consideration is noise level, when hosting a live event you are granted a license with rules of decibel level and if you exceed this level you would not be granted another license so another live performance would not be possible. I believe taking all of these health and safety precautions is fundamental to looking after everyone at a venue and will mean things can run smoothly without any inconvenience. Tour and event management An event manger means you will be in charge of a number of Jobs, firstly youll need to find your venue that is suitable to your event; and then you need to book your acts. After you have sorted this you need to check health and safety is okay and then make sure the night runs smoothly. An event manager is an important role in making sure live performance goes to plan, the audience may not notice the hard work of an event manager but if it wasnt for them there would be no show.A tour manager is slightly different; they are in charge of booking venues as well as hotels and what crews are in charge of health and safety, security etc. I believe that tour and event management plays a huge part to live performance and makes things tick, without our and event managers everything would be unreleased and would not go smoothly. Front of house and Backstage Starting with front of house, this includes a wide range of Jobs such as door staff; these can be security or people that accept tickets.People at food stalls or bars are also included, these people are important as they can keep the audience refreshed Ninth drinks and food. Front of house staff can be important as they are what the audience see so they need to be calm and relaxed so things run according to plan and not to distress anyone at the venue. Backstage staff covers a few more roles, they Include the sound engineer who controls the levels and quality of the bands sound technicians for drums, bass, guitar so if any instruments fail in any way they are there to fix it or provide a new instrument e. . Backup guitar/bass. Other roles include a lighting technician to give the performance visual effect and also a pro- technician who is in charge of any fireworks or fire during the performance. Backstage managers will make sure acts are ready to go on stage at the correct time; roadies are in charge of moving and packing equipment away for the end of the set or for the next act. Backstage staffs are Just as important as the acts themselves, this job needs to be done effectively and communication is key otherwise things could fall apart very quickly.Performance rights En hosting a live performance you need to make sure you are licensed to play music, you must have the correct copyright licenses, having these is a legal requirement. PROS collects royalties for songwriters, publishers and composers and PL collects royalties for performers and musicians. You also need public liability insurance, and if any Dos are performing they will need a Produce license; this is added for when a DC is transferring music from a vinyl, CD etc. To a digital format.If they do not have this license you may face fines or legal prosecution. Artist management Business and Tour managers Business managers are in charge of all the money to do with the artist, they are usually accountants that have experience with musicians, day to day managers can also take care of finances but they usually have a lot more things to do so it is helpful to have a business manager for this. A tour manager takes care of booking venues, hotels, flights and things like selecting a tour bus etc.Tour managers are important because they get the artist/band from one place to another and make sure things run smoothly, a good tour manager needs to be organized so the band makes it on time to gigs, interviews and recordings. Having managers can be very helpful to an artist; however they will need to be paid so its important to decide what mangers you definitely need. 10 Artist and managers rights In the music industry artist and managers rights must be abided by, otherwise you could be brought to court; artist rights include being paid their royalties due to upright, these are usually songs played on the radio/television etc.Managers rights are slightly different they include being paid fairly and that all contract terms are kept to, if they arent it means the manager can terminate the contract at any time. I believe it is very important managers and artists rights are abided by because you may end up in court if contract terms are breached. Sponsorship Sponsorship does not always mean getting free stuff from the company that is sponsoring you, it means when two businesses come together to benefit from the association of one another.Sponsorship deals can be gained by the artists manager, t can mean money is offered to an artist and in the return the artist will wear, promote the brand. This is a very good way for an artist to earn income; it also makes artists/bands noticed. Endorsement is slightly different as it means artists can use the companies gear, this is good as it opens the company to a lot of fans and allows the artist to use top of the range equipment. I think sponsorship deals are good as they benefit both parties and can allow a lot of income to the artist and company. Merchandise can include clothing, Cads and stickers.The merchandise should include a creative logo that goes with the name of the band, stickers are useful as they can be stuck anywhere and promote your band. Merchandise can be sold after shows and also online which is useful if people cannot get to them at a show, selling merchandise is a great way to make money as people will pay high prices to own a t shirt with their favorite bands name and logo on it. Its also a good promotion technique, if people are walking the streets with your band name on their t shirt soon {Our bands name will become familiar to people and they will tempted to listen to Our music.However, you need to make sure your designs are effective and not offensive because bad merchandise may put people off of your music. Merchandising is a very popular and important way of earning money and getting your band noticed, believe it is a very good way to help an artist/bands success. In this essay I have talked about and explained the four areas of the music industry, I have gained knowledge which will benefit my career as a musician, with this knowledge I now have an understanding about various careers in the music industry also.

Water Conservation free essay sample

With only 1% of water available for human consumption, doesnt it make sense that we should treat our water supply with more respect? Water conservation should not be considered an option any longer. Current circumstances require our full attention if we hope to thrive as a civilization. If these statements sound dramatic, it is because much of the world is currently suffering due to a lack of clean water. Importance of Conservation of Water / Stats Statistics around the reveal that our fresh water supply is practically nonexistent. That is why it is so important to seek out, find and start using all the innovative water conservation solutions and methods that are available today. Whether you live in Australia or China or the US, it is time to wake up and take responsibility. It is easy to practice water conservation in the home, but there is more to be done. Our world needs help on a commercial level as well so that our waste can be controlled in such areas as agriculture and irrigation. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Conservation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Water Conservation ideas are cropping up in exciting legislation. Thats why our participation in the voting process is so important. Lets act now, so our kids will have a brighter, greener future. Demands are increasing every year for water while resources are becoming more and more limited. Since many individuals are unaware (or, sadly, Just dont care) that this issue needs attention, it is up to more informed and proactive individuals and companies to take up the slack. A increase is expected in water demand over the period of next two decades. The increase in water demand is a contribution of various factors including growing population, increased agricultural needs, industrial use of water and water needed for electricity production. The problem of water waste is severe in countries where people are using the same inefficient methods for irrigation of agricultural land. Water needs are increasing every year and the proven fact is that clean water is not available to 1 out of 5 people on earth. Solutions are clearly needed. The increased demand in water combined with the pollution of water has had many adverse effects on the environment, growth and economy of many countries. Importance of Conservation of Water / Consequences of Not Conserving Increased expenditures on pipeline development, sewage and other infrastructure Ђ Investment to build more dams to fulfill the water demands and increased electric supply Huge amounts of money going out every year for recycling, cleaning and purification of the water Large amounts of industrial pollutants dumped in the rivers which are responsible for destroying and upsetting the ecosystem of the whole planet Rising instances of erosion of land because of increased demand of agricultural land and irrigation Importance of Conservation of Water The problem of water is local as well as global. The resources of water on earth are limited and are reducing every year. Due to the effects of global warming the frequency of rain has become unpredictable. In some parts of world there is rain throughout the year, while in other parts individuals are suffering the consequences. Widespread dry spells are occurring over much of Europe and Asia, Canada, western and southern Africa, and eastern Australia. And in parts of the world where rainwater is available, major problems are still prevalent because of a lack of proper systems to clean the water. Pollutants like oil, cigarette butts and other impurities make the percentage of usable water practically nonexistent. Methods of water conservation must be implemented in these areas if our planet is to continue to sustain itself. The United Nations has predicted that by the next two decades there will be 17% more demand of water compared to resources available. The unpleasant fact is that the most people remain careless and do not recognize the importance of water conservation. Huge campaigns are conducted every year by many government organizations and NGOs to spread awareness of the importance of water conservation. As citizens of this planet it is our individual responsibility to take an active role in water conservation. The simple tasks we perform every day like gardening, tending to laundry, washing our cars, etc. are opportunities for us to make a difference. Change begins with us, and if we lead by example, others are more likely to follow. I sincerely believe the consciousness of the planet is changing. And even though some statistics may appear grim, other stats reveal a growing awareness. There has actually been a appliances. And this is due to companies meeting the demands of the public. Adopting an attitude of caring, and placing a premium on awareness is contagious. Try it, and you will see what I mean. Water Conservation Methods As the population of the world grows exponentially, our drinkable water supply remains at about 1 percent of the total water present on Earth. These statistics may not seem real to you if you are fortunate to live in an area that has the resources to supply your needs. But the truth is millions of living souls are suffering because of a lack of this vital resource. Water consumption, whether it be in the household, through industry and manufacturing or in agriculture, must be given the consideration it deserves. And although special programs are conducted every year to increase the awareness of onservation, we as citizens of this planet, need to participate in water conserving activities if we hope to sustain our way of life. Water Conservation Methods / For the Household Huge amounts of water are lost every year due to unattended faucet leaks, using outdated appliances, excessive clothes washing, showering, washing cars, gardening, and other everyday household activities.

Ines of My Soul Essays

Ines of My Soul Essays Ines of My Soul Paper Ines of My Soul Paper In Isabel Allende’s Ines of My Soul, one woman, Ines Suarez, challenges the traditional role of women and society by embarking upon a journey alongside her companion to conquer a part of the New World. Throughout the expedition, Ines faces challenges because of her gender, yet she also manages to use her gender and the traditional gender role to her advantage. In Spain, machismo was prevalent in society, allowing for men to feel and act as if inherently superior to women. Although she was not a submissive wife, Ines was still subject to sexist remarks by her husband, Rodrigo de Quiroga. For example, as Ines attempted to discourage Rodrigo from an expedition to the New World by arguing that everything had already been discovered, Rodrigo shouts, â€Å"How ignorant you are, woman! † Yet, Ines refused to be submissive and would sometimes react rebelliously and demand respect, sometimes resorting to physical violence in order to be respected. Although societal norms encouraged women to stay home, Ines had the intention of leaving to the New World behind Rodrigo, despite the dangers they could have faced. As soon as the trip initiated, Ines gained her respect from the members on board. Working in a nun’s hospital in Plasencia, Ines had learned how to cauterize wounds and care for people with broken bones, which worked to her benefit as sailors sought her help, in addition to her food. Ines would also use the role as the disconsolate wife to her advantage. As she intended to sail to Peru with a group of Dominican priests, Ines wore her black dresses to express her fidelity to Juan, yet Ines had not loved Juan in years. Yet, Ines would endure several worrying situations, especially among men. Since it was rare for a woman to set sail alone and surrounded completely by men, Ines was an easy target for sexual harassment. Sebastian Romero in one instance tried to rape Ines. On her journey to Peru, men also harassed Ines despite the vigilance by priests. The fact that Ines was one of the very few Spanish women in the region did contribute to some challenges, yet it also contributed to certain benefits. Ines explains that since men were not accustomed to seeing a Spanish woman without a partner, they also treated her with great consideration. In that long, slow journey to Cuzco they tended to my needs, shared their food with me, lent me their tents and mounds, and gave me boots and a blanket woven of vicuna, the finest cloth in the world. † Indeed, Ines enjoyed many privileges because she was Spanish. Ines also benefitted of the different culture of the New World. In Peru, no one denied her respect. Pedro de Valdivia was a married man yet Ines justified their relationshi p by arguing that in the New World, â€Å"†¦men needed immediate love, or a substitute for it. Besides, men have mistresses in Spain. † Ines’s character was very different from the traditional conduct of women at that time. In fact, Pedro admits that Ines was intimidating. She was also very assertive. Yet, because of women’s inferior status in society, Ines would not be taken seriously as she tried to convince Pizarro to allow her to accompany Pedro de Valdivia on his quest to Chile. However, Ines would use one of her skills to her advantage, that of dowsing, or locating water as an argument for why she should be allowed to go. When in Chile, Ines does indeed find water and all the conquistadores manage to drink, for which they, especially Pedro de Valdivia, were very thankful with Ines. â€Å"She saved us from thirst and in the desert†¦she, more than anyone, deserves to participate in this meeting. † Yet, Ines did express concern at times with her role as a woman among men. As the captains debated whether to execute Sancho de la Hoz, Ines remained silent and did not tell Pedro what he should do, since she did not want to be seen as a virago who told de Valdivia everything that he should do. During the battles against the indigenous, Ines and the other women were expected to cook for the soldiers and take care of them. Indeed, the women played a key role in the sustenance of the soldiers. Ines, Catalina, Cecilia, and other women would go to surrounding areas and trade with the indigenous tribes. They also considered themselves ‘healers’ and ‘physicians. ’ As Ines states, â€Å"We had good hands for setting broken bones, cauterizing wounds, and helping as midwives; those talents served us well. Certainly, Ines and the other women played an important role in the colonization of such countries, including Chile. In Spain, women lived in a highly patriarchal society. Yet, even though such traits were present in the New World, women were allowed to express themselves more freely there. In the New World, women had a higher chance of social mobility and increasing their social status. With them, they brought their nurturing skills as caretakers of the soldiers, which contributed to their survival significantly. However, one also has to consider the hardships that women had to endure. Ines Suarez faced many of these challenges, yet her character allowed her to overcome them. She also possessed unique talents that allowed her to earn a higher level of respect from the men. However, not all women who came with the conquistadors shared such qualities. ? Bibliography Allende, Isabel. Ines of My Soul. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2006. Burkholder, Mark A. , and Lyman L. Johnson. Colonial Latin America. 7 ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Definitions and Examples of Debates

Definitions and Examples of Debates Broadly defined, a debate is a discussion involving opposing claims:  an argument. The word comes from Old French, meaning to beat. Its also known (in classical rhetoric) as  contentio. More specifically, a debate is a regulated contest in which two opposing sides defend and attack a proposition. Parliamentary debate is an academic event held at many schools, colleges, and universities. Debate Examples and Observations In several senses, there is no correct way to debate. Standards, and even rules, differ between- and sometimes within- communities...There are at least eight distinct college debate organizations with their own rules and styles of debate. (Gary Alan Fine, Gifted Tongues: High School Debate and Adolescent Culture. Princeton University Press, 2001) Skilled political debaters will first present their overall theme in the introductory statement if the opportunity to make such a statement is allowed in the debate format being used. Then they will reinforce it with answers to as many specific questions as possible. Finally, they will return to it in their concluding statement.(Judith S. Trent and Robert Friedenberg, Political Campaign Communication: Principles and Practices, 6th ed. Rowman Littlefield, 2008) Argumentation and Debate Argumentation is the process whereby humans use reason to communicate claims to one another. . . .Argumentation is useful in activities like negotiation and conflict resolution because it can be used to help people find ways to resolve their differences. But in some of these situations, differences cannot be resolved internally and an outside adjudicator must be called. These are the situations that we call debate. Thus, according to this view, debate is defined as the process of arguing about claims in situations where the outcome must be decided by an adjudicator.​ (The Debatabase Book. International Debate Education Association, 2009) How to argue is something people are taught. You learn it by watching other people, at the breakfast table, or in school, or on TV, or, lately, online. It’s something you can get better at, with practice, or worse at, by imitating people who do it badly.  More formal debate follows established rules and standards of evidence. For centuries, learning how to argue was the centerpiece of a liberal-arts education. (Malcolm X studied that kind of debate while he was in prison. Once my feet got wet, he said, I was gone on debating.) Etymologically and historically, the artes liberales are the arts acquired by people who are free, or liber. Debating, like voting, is a way for people to disagree without hitting one another or going to war: it’s the key to every institution that makes civic life possible, from courts to legislatures. Without debate, there can be no self-government.​ (Jill Lepore, The State of Debate. The New Yorker, September 19, 2016) Evidence in Debates Debate teaches cutting-edge  research skills. Because the quality of an argument often depends on the strength of the supporting evidence, debaters quickly learn to find the best evidence. This means going beyond run-of-the-mill Internet sources to government hearings, law reviews, professional journal articles, and book-length treatments of subjects. Debaters learn how to evaluate study methodology and source credibility...Debaters also learn how to process massive amounts of data into usable argument briefs. Argument briefs bring together the strongest logical reasons and evidence supporting various positions. The ability to gather and organize evidence into logical units is a skill that is treasured by business makers, government policy-makers, legal practitioners, scientists, and educators.​ (Richard E. Edwards, Competitive Debate: The Official Guide. Alpha Books, 2008) U.S. Presidential Debates American doesnt really have presidential debates. Instead, we have joint appearances where candidates recite talking points in settings so carefully controlled by party apparatchiks that the only real wrangling is over the height of the lecterns and the temperature of the drinking water. As with so many other aspects of the political process, debates that should be enlightening, perhaps even transformational, are instead stage-managed to satisfy the demands of power brokers with money and connections rather than the needs of democracy.​ (John Nichols, Open the Debates! The Nation, September 17, 2012)Thats what were missing. Were missing argument. Were missing debate. Were missing colloquy. Were missing all sorts of things. Instead, were accepting.​ (Studs Terkel) Women and Debates Following Oberlin Colleges admission of women in 1835, they were grudgingly permitted to have  rhetorical preparation in elocution, composition, criticism, and argument. Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown helped to organize the first womens debating society there, for women were banned from public speaking in their rhetoric classroom because of its mixed audience status.​ (Beth Waggenspack, Women Emerge as Speakers: Nineteenth-Century Transformations of Womens Role in the Public Area. The Rhetoric of Western Thought, 8th ed., by James L. Golden et al. Kendall/Hunt, 2003) Online Debates Debate is a maneuver where learners are divided onto opposing sides, generally as teams, to discuss a contentious issue. Learners are afforded the opportunity to improve their analytic and communication skills by formulating ideas, defending positions, and critiquing counter positions. Historically, a debate is a structured activity; however, online media permit a wider range of designs for online debates, from an inflexibly structured exercise to a process with minimal structure. When an online debate is more rigid, step-by-step instructions are provided for debate and defense, as in a formal face-to-face debate. When online debate is designed with less structure, it operates as an online discussion concerning a controversial issue.​ (Chih-Hsiung Tu, Online Collaborative Learning Communities. Libraries Unlimited, 2004) The Lighter Side of Debates Ms. Dubinsky: Wed like you to join our debate team.Lisa Simpson: We have a debate team?Ms. Dubinsky: Its the only extracurricular activity that doesnt require any equipment.Principal Skinner: Because of budget cuts, we had to improvise. Ralph Wiggum will be your lectern.​ (To Surveil, with Love, The Simpsons, 2010)

Emotional Intelligence and Employee Productivity Essay

Emotional Intelligence and Employee Productivity - Essay Example Scientific literature is filled with innumerable definitions and descriptive models of the term at hand; however, the ability and trait EI models are the most widely recognized to be the pertinently valid models of emotional intelligence measurement and description. There has been considerable chatter on the notion that whether emotional intelligence is indeed real or is it merely a subsection of the basic human intelligence; and if it has additional applicability over the conventional Intelligence Quotient and the major five personality facets. (Kluemper 2008, 8) This puts forward another question i.e. how can emotional intelligence be measured which would help us decide that who is more emotionally intelligent? Researchers came up with two basic modeled EQ tests. One of them is called the ability-based measure of EQ and test taker goes through maximal conditions whereas the self-report measure is conducted in ordinary conditions. The first model that will be discussed is commonly k nown amongst literary circles as the ability-based model. This model incorporates emotions in the simplex as the appropriate avenues of information that help the test taker understand as well as properly traverse through the social society that they find themselves in; either in the workplace or at school or even at home. The basic proposition constitutes that every individual varies from one another in their ability to understand and compute information in an emotional genre as well as connect the emotional procession of information with their overall intellect and understanding. This attitude is seen in a certain set of behavioral traits and actions. Salovey and Mayer divide emotional intelligence abilities into four areas -- in their four branch model: (Mayer et al 1997, 4) The ability to correctly preempt emotions. The ability to utilize emotions for assisting the thinking process. The ability to understand emotional connotations. The ability to manage emotions.

Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Networking - Essay Example Moreover, the concept of networking might appear simple if seen from a diagrammatic perspective but from the technical perspective, it might rather appear as highly complex. From a generalised point of view, it can be understood that the networking process is the development of a connection between the nodes within the network that might be involved in the data sharing process. The concept explains all the aspects that all together form the communication process (Microsoft, 2014). The essay describes the concepts and the aspects related to networking. The discussion emphasizes the principles and the operations of the layered communication protocols. It also briefs about protocol stack, its working and packet headers In computer networking, there are two important protocols that include Internet Protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Contextually, computer networking is also recognized as TCP/IP. The layered communication protocols of networking are discussed hereunder. The concept of protocol stack can be explained with reference to the Ethernet technology and data transmission techniques. Data transmission in an online fashion generally takes place in the form of packets. Therefore, in a general sense, it can be understood that the packets that are needed to be transmitted must have a sending as well as a receiving address. In this context, the concept of protocol slack plays an important role in the data transmission process (The Linux Information Project, 2005). The diagrammatic representation provided below will help in understanding the concept of protocol slack. From the above diagram, it can be clearly understood that each packet transmitted must have a sender and a receiver address, so that the data reach the desired address appropriately (The Linux Information Project, 2005). The technique is known as wrapping up of the data packets. The transmission process has been explained through the elaboration of the seven layers of the

The Simpsons coursework Essay Example for Free

The Simpsons coursework Essay The Simpsons is an animated, American sitcom. It makes fun of the average American family and the American way of life. In the opening sequence we see twelve separate places. There is an aerial view from the clouds descending into a long shot of town along the road to the school: then a medium shot zooms into the classroom, then we cut to the nuclear plant where we first see Homer in a medium shot. There is a cut to the supermarket where Marge and Maggie are, then to the music room where Lisa is. We cut to Homer in his car driving, and see Bart on his skateboard in the street, as the angle of the car move around the car then follows Bart. We cut to Maggie imitating Marge as shes driving. All the family, one by one, finally get home then rush to the couch. The main difference between the opening and closing shots is that the family are in different places within the town but in the closing shot they are together, which, in my opinion is quite typical of a family since they each lead different lives but in the end they are one. Throughout the title sequence the music is firstly slow and heavenly then as we descend from the clouds as if we are gathering speed the music becomes lively, upbeat, jazzy and discordant like the family they argue but always come back together. It is also fast moving, just like the scenes-which are sometimes joined and flowing. Springfield is a small town where everyone knows everyone. It has everyday places that you need to live. It is a busy normal town with people walking along the street. We see Bart on his skateboard, Chief Wiggum shouting at Bart, Barney standing by and some children from Bart and Lisas school playing. In the title sequence we learn that Bart is the bad child and a daredevil because he was writing lines on the board and dodging people through the street. Lisa is an independent person because she was playing her saxophone differently from the class. Homer is careless and clumsy because he gets a radioactive crystal stuck in his clothes and throws it out his car window when he was driving. Marge likes to have a routine and Maggie is a quick learner because she was copying her mother when she was driving. The cartoon genre allows The Simpsons to break the rules because anyone who is from the past, present or future, dead or alive, real or imaginary can make an appearance i. e. Elvis, God and George Washington all have made guest appearances. The Simpsons will never get old i. e. Maggie is an eternal baby, Marge will never get grey hairs it will always be blue and Bart will always be 10 years old. As a family The Simpsons love each other and they have their own different personalities that they have to get along with although they may have. When a situation causes the family to look at themselves; they reflect on what has happened and sometimes learn from it and use it in their daily lives. We know they are a family (since everyone looks similar) because they go into the same house and though out the title sequence we follow one of family. Also the sitcom is about and named after the family. The colour uses in the sitcom are bright, vivid, and intense which will attract children of a young age or a short attention span. The speed also adds to the vibrant effect on the colour because we are cutting all the time so the colours are quick and stunning. In each episode the words, which Bart is writing changes and hints to what, that episode is about i. e. in an episode Bart, on the board, wrote the truth is out there and the family on jetpacks flew to the couch. That episode was about Bart and Homer claiming to see an alien that glowed, which turns out to be Mr. Burns, Homers boss, he was very sick and his medicine made him glow. When they all are rushing into the house, the way they get to the couch changes i. e. they have dived, danced, went to the wrong room, gone to the wrong show, ran, and flown on jetpacks. In the Homer Badman episode, the frame with Ashley Grant, feminist student shows the hypnotic effect of violent video games on young boys, since she used the game to bribed him to do what she asked. For the younger audience it is funny because Bart seems to be hypnotized and for the mature audience the humour is that a feminist would frown upon anything violent especially for young children. Also in this episode there are references to other films i. e. Homer was singing about living under the sea-The Little Mermaid, and Homer made a hand grenade, then threw it at the people chasing Marge and him-Die Hard. The title sequence appeals to different age groups because children do things that they think is funny but others think its silly and adults can also appreciate the humour in raising a young family. The Simpsons are very popular worldwide because it is funny and enjoyable for all ages. The first showing of The Simpsons was shown on 17th December 1989 it was a trial run of the series, which was very popular so the first episode was shown on 14th January 1990. Homer Badman was originally shown on 27th November 1994. In the first year on air The Simpsons over took the most popular situation comedy (The Cosby Show) capturing a regular audience of over 24 million each week and has achieved over 2 billion dollars of merchandise sales. Also The Simpsons was the first animated show to appear on prime time television since The Flintstones in the 1960s. In each episode there are over 250,000 frames and no matter how old you are, you can relate to it because it is based on, and named after, Matt Groenings own family. The family depict life in different aspects of real life and this in turn gives you a feeling of understanding and relativity to ones own life experiences, whilst having the added benefit of seeing the humour in the experiences one goes through in real life.

Fact of Blackness by Frantz Fanon :: personal response essay

â€Å"The Fact of Blackness† by Frantz Fanon   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article was an eye opener. After Fanon got away from the huge mind boggling words, I kind of felt for an extremely short second what it actually felt to be a black man. I myself am a unique mixture of races and I was fortunate to have grown up in such a way that I experienced my two main cultures vividly. I can laugh with George Lopez, and feel the pain, anguish, and laughter that are associated with a Mexican American heritage. The same goes for Larry the Cable Guy, I can laugh at what he says in his stand comedy routine, because I can relate with my Anglo culture. Going back to how Fanon explains his anguish of being labeled, it’s understandable, I’ve been there, but unlike Fanon, I learned to how to run with racial comments. However, I’m not black and cannot relate to his culture, or how bad for his time it must have been for an average black male.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I start with saying blah. I cannot in my mind imagine what it was for Fanon growing up, but he never embraces love for who his is. The racial slurs and dehumanization is in my opinion not reason enough to write hatred for what you are born into. Not once does he state philosophy on why it’s ok to be what he is. Instead he places himself into an â€Å"infernal circle† that he is embraced by white people in spite that he is black, but when he has an enemy they claim that it is so not because he is a black man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My own experiences tell me that every bit of what he says is true. I work at an inner city Walgreen’s, and I’m told to watch certain people because they look suspicious, when in fact the only crime they commit is being a minority. I’m sometimes told to not spend too much time on a Mexican customer, because they don’t contribute enough money to our store, and to focus on our money crazed white customers, who never get questioned opening up products. I used to get stopped In Walgreen’s when I was a freshman in High School. I had to leave my back pack at the door and only one of my companions could come with me at a time. However, I would see plain as day, white students walking in the store at leisure with their book bags on.

Managing Church Conflict

Managing Church Conflict Conflict within Churches continues to be a problem (Tony Cartledge 2001), and it shows little sign of abating. In fact, the opposite could be much closer to the truth. Perhaps this is why so many in the ministry turn to the writings of Hugh Halverstgadt (2002), a ministry professor from Chicago. In the introduction to his book â€Å"Managing Church Conflicts†, Halverstgadt analyzes the personal and congregational reasons that provide the root causes, which can lead from minor disagreements to outright conflict. His book develops the theme that, as in many areas of life, to sensibly address these problems, ministries and churches globally need to institute a system of conflict management. Leading the reader through a step-by-step conflict management strategy, covering a wide range of typical scenarios, Halverstgadt leads us to his image of peace in churches based upon the notion of Shalom, which promotes the â€Å"right harmonious relationships to other human beings,† (Nicholas Wolterstorff, 1983).   The real question is whether the views held, and the solutions that Halverstgadt promotes to resolve conflict, address the situation. Halverstgadt’s preface asks the question â€Å"can Church conflict be Christian?† and argues that where it degenerates into a â€Å"dirty fighting† scenario, which is not uncommon, this is perhaps not the case. To address this he suggests that ways of turning such disputes into a â€Å"fair† Christian fight need to be found. However, he accepts that there is no need for the Church to fear conflict, provided it is engaged in a manner of fairness. He provides an insight into the reasons conflicts, identifying that essentially the foundation for all conflict is power and that power turns to conflict once its balance is disturbed. Such disturbances can one sector seeks to promote its power in a way that other may perceive would result in a weakening, and therefore limiting or reducing, the power that they think they should enjoy. As, in the case of the Church, most conflicts are deemed centered round power battles within the congregation itself, the book promotes the theory that it falls to the pastor or minister to take on the mantle of conflict manager. It suggests that to successfully take on and execute the role, the manager will needs to reassess their own ideas and beliefs in terms of conflict and their reactions to a situation that arises. In effect, Halverstgadt is looking to the conflict managers to retrain themselves into this new role so that their approach will lead to a solution to the issue that will be acceptable to all of the parties concerned. He acknowledges that the force nature of such a role may be alien to the person, but counsels that as long as they approach it from a position of self-worth, a knowledge that one is a loved member of God’s and the communities family, others will respond positively to them. Part two of â€Å"Managing Church Conflicts† concentrates on the understanding of the issues that have given rise to the conflict, and analyzing these issues and the parties involved into their component parts. One of the first steps advocated is to set rules for the discussion of the conflict, which may mean reorganizing the current ways that existing systems of debates within the Church and its congregation are managed. Often, in conflict situations, both the root causes and indeed the participants in the dispute are not easily identifiable. Therefore, the book suggests that there is a need for the conflict manager to move between the disputing parties and draw them together in conversation that is open and productive. One of the first, and most important, steps in this process includes ensuring that the disagreements move from a â€Å"dirty fighting† stance, which is characterized by its personal direction and content, to an open discussion based upon the foundation of Christian ethics. Haverstadt suggests that it is only once all of these issues have been addressed that the ministry or pastor can move onto the next step, which is the task of managing the conflict and bringing about a resolution that is just, fair and brings about unity once again. Haverstadt further recognizes that managing a conflict situation is no easy task, even for the most experienced conflict manager, and that is has certain limitations. Therefore, in the second part of his book, he sets out a straightforward systematic process for the church mediator to follow.   How they can avoid damaging exchanges between the parties, partially by using the interpretations of faith on the issues, and seeking calmer methods of controlling the discussions. He further discusses ways in which this process should not be limited to just the main protagonists as this could bring about the arising of new conflicts, but include the Church community, so that everyone understands where the process is heading. Furthermore, recognizing that there are issues within the individuals involved that might be better served in private, he suggests that the using of a mentor, or coach, may be beneficial. This gives the individuals the opportunity to discuss those feelings on a personal basis, and to receive comfort and counseling from those appointed to assist them. The desire is that this will lead to a situation where parties can put forward the basis of their strategies and arguments in a positive and clearly defined manner. In the relative calmness of discussion that these moves are hoped to produce, Haverstadt’s book then attempts to deal with the subject of resolution itself, outlining the strengths and weakness of the possibility of trying to reunite the differences or achieving a negotiated settlement acceptable to all. The whole focus or aim of the procedures that Haverstadt’s book promotes is the perception that, by following the guidelines outlined, a position of shalom will be reached. Shalom, in the biblical understanding of the term, a vision which emphasizes the notion of a united, just community bound in pleasant relationships. Although this may seem to exclude discord and diverse viewpoints, as Haverstadt explains, this is not the case. Diversity in the vision of shalom is realized and accepted within an enthusiastic wish to maintain and restore relationships with others using the one abiding link between the congregation, namely their belief in God and the trilogy. Differences in this situation become part of the core strength of the community, rather than the influence that tears the community apart. Result To the extent that the focus of Halverstgadt’s interpretation that the causes of Church conflict are produced by a clashing of power bases, there is little evidence to argue against his findings. If one looks at the development of the Christian Church over the centuries since it’s birth with the death of Christ, the power theory is evidently supported. From a that one focus, Christianity, one has seen it develop into a multi-faceted structure, with the only link, and that somewhat precarious, being the core belief in the trilogy. Catholic, Anglican, Baptist and Methodist, amongst a host of Churches, ostensibly promote the same message, all offering the same vision for the salvation of the human being. Yet, when reflecting about each other, the divisions are obvious, sometimes almost vitriolic in their expression. Historically, it is clearly demonstrated that these divisions resulted from a conflict of power. A typical example is the way in which the King of England separated the Anglican Church from the Church of Rome. Halverstgadt’s promotion of the use of conflict management in an effort to resolve Church conflicts, by providing a calm and common sense vehicle through which issues can be identified and resolved is laudable. Such systems have been used as an integral part of human resource management in business for a number of years, often with much success. However, like all strategies, it has its limitations. Successful conflict management in a community relies upon all the protagonists having the same goals. Business is possibly unique, in that all involved have a tangible focus for conflict management, the business itself. The difference with Church conflicts is that although much of the dispute is about power, it also rests in emotions and non-tangible ideas and beliefs. For example, some of the congregation would promote the idea that the Church should accumulate wealth, so that it can promote its message from a position of strength, others promote the idea that strength of message is better served and more honest from a position of meekness. Conclusion My opinion of this book is that it will serve as a good foundation for dealing with Church conflicts in a number of instances, the main areas to benefit from this good will be concentrated on a parochial basis. At the level where major conflicts occur, as identified in the example of conflict between King of England and the Church of Rome, the power driven differences are too embedded within the psyche of the dominators of the various factions for mediation to be truly successful. In addition, whilst the vision of Shalom is a worthy target for all communities, particularly in Churches, such is the nature of the Human Being that it is unlikely the culmination of this vision will come to fruition. My conclusion therefore is that, whilst the book provides valuable direction from which the Church, its concentration and examples are too localized to make a significant impact upon the area where it is needed most, namely the hierarchy of the various religious sects themselves. References Halverstgadt, Hugh. F. (1992). Managing Church Conflict. Westminster/John Knox Press. U.S. Cartledge, Tony. W.   ed. (2001). Church conflict a common problem. Biblical Recorder. North Carolina. U.S.A. Wolterstorff, Nicholas (1983). Until Justice and Peace Embrace Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. p 70.               

POVERTY IN JAMAICA Essay

Poverty is generally accepted as an undesirable condition. However, defining poverty is extremely difficult and several definitions exist. According to Dennis brown (1995), He defined poverty as a state in which an ‘‘individual or group possesses less than some standard which has been defined as acceptable†. In the world we live it is generally accepted that there are two kinds of poverty, public and private poverty, however, the focus on poverty in this paper relates to Jamaica and its struggle to vanquish poverty. Poverty has been a persistent feature of Jamaica’s environment from the post-emancipation period, and from their, it has been a subject of continuing concern and analysis for Caribbean academics and welfare practitioners. It is mainly in the past decade the notion of poverty and poverty reduction come to occupy the central position in both local and international policy. With boldness, Jamaica promulgates policy statements that poverty will be era dicated. With this continuing dance around the crisis of poverty, the distinction between cause and consequence has become increasingly blurred, with the result that poverty reduction policies have little chance of reducing the extreme risks and hardships that Jamaicans face on a regular basis. In both national and international dialogue, the assumption remains unchallenged that poverty can be reduced if only one could correctly and channel the assistance directly to the deserving poor. The deserving poor are considered the vulnerable because of their demographic of physical characteristics, which may predispose them to health risk situations. Even though every individual will gladly accept any help they can get it is considered unfair to the real less fortunate’s of society According to the Planning Institute of Jamaica, over the past decade, the percentage of the Jamaican population classified as poor fell from 30.5 percent in 1989 to 16.9 percent in 1999. With an estimated population of 2.58 million persons, this was equivalent to approximately 400,000 persons who were unable to meet their basic needs. Assuming that three-quarters of the poor were located in rural areas, as in 1998, an estimated 300,000 rural persons lived below the poverty line. The methodology o fficially used in calculating the number of those who fall below the poverty line follows international practice and is built around the cost of feeding a low income family. It is therefore highly insensitive to the changes in food cost. Most basic foods were imported; the effect of 1991 deregulation of the foreign  exchange was immediately reflected in the poverty level, which soared to 44.6 percent. Since 1992 the poverty level has followed a steady downward path, until 1998 when it was estimated at 15.9 percent. One of the reasons why poverty permeates Jamaica’s environment is due to a number of factors that needs immediate attention which is still present in the 21st century today. Rural households are large and includes more children than in KMA( Kingston metropolitan area) households, rural area contains larger proportions of elderly and small proportions of persons in the prime working ages, as well as they can only afford to spend only two-thirds of what (KMA) counterparts spend on food beverages for each household member and their members a more likely to report being ill and less likely able to seek medical care. The question pertaining to who are considered as the poor is generally taken as sufficient justification for the heavy emphasis of current poverty reduction programs on the two target groups of children and the elderly. However in an article named (â€Å"A Rose by any other name†). A woman by Rose Morgan has been sitting outside the villa medical centre in Mandeville who came from Westmoreland in her early 20s seeking job opportunities. According to rose she came to Mandeville and she was pursued by a man that accommodated her at his home, but eventually he died. Now Rose lives off the sincerity of those that pass her by the street. Poverty receives considerable less attention, particularly because of the inadequacy of employment. If rose had a job which she said was impossible to get, she would be else where rather than begging on the streets. From 1995 the government has been trying to get rid of living conditions such as these. The formulation of the program called (NPEP) N ational Poverty Eradication Progamme, coordinated by the Office of the Prime Minister was design to improve the state of the country. This Programme serves as an umbrella for existing programs today such as the Human Employment and Resource Training, (HEART), Microenterprise credit programs; poor relief; public assistance; and food stamp Programmes. Social and economic support Programmes were also developed to promote the employment rate. Employment is seen as one of the major influences on poverty. On November 28, 2012 a Gleaner article entitle, (â€Å"Youth Unemployment still triples national average†), shows that in spite of the government trying to eliminate poverty from Jamaica’s landscape it has some how still manages to inhabit the air we breathe. According to  Director Dr Gladstone Hutchinson, he states that STATIN data during a review of the quarterly economic performance, Jamaica’s labour force increases by 20,600 in the past year (2011). The youth unemployment has consistently run two or three times the national average. The percentage of unemployed youths was 28.7%. The only improvement in jobless rate was on April 2012 (14.3%). The back of poverty is hard to brake, and I insist because majority of those without jobs are unqualified and it is either difficult at their age to pursue any form of higher education or they have no source of funding to do so. These groups of people falls w ithin the poverty category called the consumption group. For operational purposes, the Government of Jamaica (GOJ) has enunciated three categories of poverty which are: Chronic Poverty, which exists when an individual is incapacitated and incapable of independently procuring the requisite means of sustenance. This category includes persons who are unable to work because of chronic physical and mental infirmity or old age and children without parents or with parents who are incapacitated. Those in this category of poverty are the primary beneficiaries of the welfare Programmes that fall under the (NPEP). Consumption Poverty, which refers to able-bodied adults who are unable to meet their basic consumption requirements. This means, they fall below the poverty line as determined by mean per capita consumption expenditure. This category may include both the employed and unemployed. Resource/capability Poverty, which refers to those who are deprived of access to private and public resources such as a basic education, basic health care, basic housing, transportation, healthy environment, water and employment. This deprivation of these basic resources in turns results in impoverishment. Categorizing poverty in this format allows the government to allocate the necessary assistance to the right persons. Hence they will not give those who need help less more than what they deserve. One of the most diverse Programmes, aiming at breaking the back of poverty is the PATH Programme. It is said often times that the children are the future, it is clear that the aim of the Programme of Advancement Through Health is to break the generational struggle starting with the future of the country. Even though Path assists the elderly and the incapable, most of the focus is placed on the school which is essential for anyone’s country. On February the 4th, 2007. The Sunday Glea ner had an article about PATH, (â€Å"Out of Poverty†) emphasizing the 1.2 million spent on  path beneficiaries which 70% were to school children. PATH is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) Programme funded by the Government of Jamaica and the World Bank and is aimed at delivering benefits by way of cash grants to the most needy and vulnerable in the society. In the article the Programme is being questioned why everyone is not benefited from Path. However it was stated that it is not because of budget limitations, but path is working on improving the attendance and performance rate in schools. In essence it justifies my point that Path is attacking poverty at the roots. It was introduced Island wide in 2002. With PATH helping to assist in the elimination of poverty, it still does not conclude that path alone can do it. On the 6th of October 2006 in the Daily observer an editorial comment was made where the writer was in favor of the (PIOJ) and (STATIN) survey on November to the month of May in 2005. It states that poverty fell by 12.7 percent. On the contrary though he states that, â€Å"While we recognize that each intervention by the necessary Programmes are important, we are convinced that they do not provide the long-term basis for the eradication of poverty. For the real solution to poverty is sustained and sustainable economic growth†. In correlation to the writers comment, the (NPEP) comprises of the Micro Invest ment Development Agency (MIDA) which was set up to support the microenterprise as mentioned earlier. It provides persons with the opportunity to gain employment through the establishment of their own businesses (2003). To date (MIDA) remains among the single largest providers of microcredit in the island. MIDA alone has been responsible for providing well over one billion Jamaican dollars to the micro-enterprise community between 1992 up until this very day. Hundreds of student graduates from HEART yearly with a skill and is now contributing to Jamaica’s economic growth. For that it seems as though the country’s quest to illuminate poverty is gradually taking place. The literature on poverty in Jamaica dearly indicates that it is a phenomenon associated with low educational attainment and often affects those who are unemployed or self-employed. Other contributing factors to poverty in Jamaica can be traced back to the increasing birthrate, delinquency in schools, child abuse and possibly drug abuse. It is each individual responsibility to profile their actions into actions that will in turn benefit them and the society they reside in. http://www.mlss.gov.jm/pub/index.php?artid=23 2006 ministry of labour and security: Planning institute of Jamaica, survey of living conditions 1998 FUNDING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG THE POOR IN JAMAICA Social & Economic Studies. Jun2008, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p119-148. FFRENCH, SEAN30phttp://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/results?sid=7145 THE DYNAMICS OF POVERTY IN JAMAICA, 1969-1999. Social & Economic Studies. Mar2001, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p199-228. 30p. Henry-Lee, Aldriehttp://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/results?sid=7145 Friday October 6,2006, (â€Å"don’t just alleviate poverty†) the observer (â€Å"out of poverty†) February 4, 2007 the Sunday gleaner The gleaner june 18, 2009 (â€Å"A rose by another name†) Thompson Mepherse (â€Å"Youth unemployment still triples national average†), November the 28, 2012

Object Paper

Mythical Place/Object Paper Free Online Research Papers â€Å"According to the legend, Merlin supposedly magically transported Stonehenge from Ireland to England† (The Mystica, para. 28). A major mythological reference to Stonehenge includes Arthurian lore and concerns the magician Merlin. â€Å"The name â€Å"Stonehenge† means hanging stones† (The Mystica, para. 2). The Saxons gave this name to the monument while medieval writers also referred to it as giant’s dance. Stonehenge is located about eight miles north of Salisbury in Wiltshire, England. In addition to Arthurian lore, other theories exist, which include astrological and religious purposes. Stonehenge is a historical monument located in England. Rich with theory and myth, Stonehenge is a mystery, which eludes scientists and historians alike. Myths of Stonehenge’s origins include astrological, ceremonial, religious, evil, mystical and healing. Mythical Place/Object Paper The origin of Stonehenge remains mysterious today. Common myths surrounding the existence of Stonehenge include ceremonial platforms, connections with the summer and winter solace, astrological purposes, connections with Pagans, and Merlin the Wizard from King Arthurs era. Stonehenge is a factual place clouded in mystery, the monument holds a powerful mystique; myths might be the only answer for the unexplainable wonders. Development Historically speaking, the origin of the Stonehenge structure has been associated with Danes, Romans, Greeks, Atlanteans, Egyptians, Saxons, and Celts. King Aurelius and Merlin are also thought to be the builders. Some believe the structure first existed in Scotland then moved to England by giants and magicians. According to one legend, dancing giants were turned into stones, which are how Stonehenge acquired its unique shape suggesting the circular position of the stones. Despite the myths, history suggests Stonehenge was originally built by the Windmill Hill people approximately between 3500 and 2300 BC. Stonehenge has taken its current shape in three stages. Initial structure consisted of a ditch with two banks, three standing stones, four wooden posts and a ring of 56 holes, called Aubrey Holes, named after John Aubrey an English 17th century antiquarian (The Mystica, 2008). The holes measured 2.5 to 6 feet in diameter while initial depths of the holes are believed to have been 2 to 4 feet, filled with chalk. Myths suggest the holes were refilled with cremated human remains. The Heel Stone is 20 feet long, 8 feet high, and 7 feet wide was the first standing stone (The Mystica, 2008). During 2150 to 2000 BC, Stonehenge’s structure was enhanced by the Beaker People who did not believe in cremation and refilling stones. During this phase, Beaker people built a double circle within the henge that consisted of 80 bluestones. The stones were brought from the Prescelly Mountains located in South Wales, England. Beaker People also widened the entrance creating an avenue linkin g Stonehenge to the River Avon which is about two miles. The final stage lasted between 2000 and 1100 BC; Stonehenge was shaped as it now exists. Stonehenge represents a feat of exceptional engineering by civilized people. â€Å"According to one estimate, the construction of the structure required an overwhelming 1,497,680 men, days of physical labor including logistics and planning for the Stonehenge (Welcome to Stonehenge, 1998). Origins According to an article by Dimitrakopoulos (2004), a theory of the â€Å"Heel Stone† depicts that Stonehenge reflects the change of seasons. The location of the heel stone with the placement of the sun during summer and winter suggests changes in the seasons. Witcombe (1998) further explains the interpretation of 18th century British antiquarian, William Stukeley, in which the horseshoe arrangement of the stones was deliberate. â€Å"It was quickly surmised that the monument must have been deliberately oriented and planned so that on midsummers morning the sun rose directly over the Heel Stone and the first rays shone into the centre of the monument between the open arms of the horseshoe arrangement† (Witcombe, 1998, para.6). Due to the relationship of the sun and seasons, Stukeley surmised that Stonehenge was a temple and possibly â€Å"an ancient cult centre for the Druids† (Dimitrakopoulos, 2004, p.2). However, some scientists discredit the theory of the seas ons. Stonehenge is believed to of been a place of worship. A theory believing Druids had built the structure for a sacred place for Pagans to predict the Summer and Winter Solstice. Today Stonehenge is popular to Neo-Pagans and modern Druidic Orders who hold festivals at the site with the permission of the local British government. Myths The origins of Stonehenge are a mystery; myths help explain the unexplainable. One myth involves the Heel Stone and evil powers of the devil that purchases magical stones from an Irish woman. The devil takes the stones to a village and dares the people to count them as part of a game. â€Å"The friar of the village tells him (devil) there are too many (stones) to tell, which is based on another myth that says it is impossible to count all the stones† (Dimitrakopoulos, 2004, p.4). The devil gets angry, throws the stones at the friar’s heel and thus the relationship to the Heel Stone reference. Another popular myth written by 12th century Geoffrey of Monmouth includes the King of the Britons, Aurelius wanted to build a monument over the Saxon soldier’s grave. Merlin the magician was asked to help find a monument telling the king to â€Å"look in a mountain of Ireland where a circle of massive stones stood, named the Giant’s Dance† (Dimitrakopoulos, 20 04, p.4). â€Å"These stones, believed to have the ability to heal, were so names after a myth that they were brought from African long ago by giants†¦King Aurelius and his army tried to dismantle the stones without success† (Dimitrakopoulos, 2004, p.5.). Merlin assisted with his powers and reconstructed the site, which is named Salisbury Plain. Excavations Several objects have been found at Stonehenge. A gravesite dated approximately 2100 BC held different treasures. The treasures included archer arrowheads, wrist guards, tiny copper knives, and flint with metalworking tools. A small rock the size of a hand was thought to have served as an anvil a small piece of gold was found as well (Stonehenge.co.uk, nd, p.1). Radiocarbon Information Stonehenge was a large barrier or Henge, comprising a trench and the Aubrey holes are carbon dated to 3100 BC (Stonehenge.co.uk, n.d, p.1). The Aubrey holes are round pits, about one mile wide with steep sides and flat bottoms forming a circle approximately 284 feet in diameter. Shortly after this stage Stonehenge was abandoned for over 1000 years (Stonehenge n.d. p.1). The second stage began around 2150 BC according to carbon dating. The 82 bluestones from the Preseli Mountains were brought to the site. The belief is these stones, weighing 4 tons each, were pulled on rollers then loaded onto rafts. The journey covered approximately 240 miles. The third stage is dated around 2000 BC; adding the Sarsen stones, which may have came from North Wiltshire. The largest stone transported to Stonehenge weighed 50 tons and could have only been moved using sledges and ropes. Modern calculations shows it would have taken 500 men using leather ropes to pull one stone, with an extra 100 men needed to lay the huge rollers in front of the sledge (Stonehenge.co.uk, n.d, p.1). Remains Found Excavations have revealed cremated human bones in some of the chalk filling. The holes themselves were probably made as part of the religious ceremony. Archaeologists have unearthed remains of a Bronze Age archer at Stonehenge. The remains of four adults and two children have been found about half a mile from the archer. The remains are believed to be dated to 2300 BC. The grave contained four pots belonging to the Beaker Culture that lived in the Swiss Alps during the Bronze Age. In 2002 an exceptional grave was excavated near Stonehenge. The grave was the richest of its type in Britain. The grave was found during construction of a housing development on the opposite bank of the Avon. The grave contained a man who had suffered from a jaw abscess, a limp, and a badly damaged knee. They named the man the Amesbury Archer, he was radiocarbon dated to 2450-2200 B.C. The grave contained 16 flint arrowheads, gold ornaments and copper daggers. The items were the oldest dated metalwork in Britain. The artifacts style suggests the man came from central Europe, the isotopic analysis of his teeth all support this information (M. Pitts, 2008). Many archeologists believe Durrington Walls, which is two miles from Stonehenge, was where the builders of Stonehenge lived. In 2003, the Sheffield team revived the effort to excavate the ancient village. The excavations revealed clay floors of eight prehistoric houses. Each house measured approximately 16 square feet with clay floors and a fireplace in the middle with holes and slots in the floors where furniture used to stand (E. Sohn, 2007).A large number of animal bones and leftover cooking utensils were also found. Test show the houses are approximately the same age as the human remains found at Stonehenge (E. Sohn, 2007). In 2005 researchers found a road made of stone next the houses at Durrington Walls. The road measured 90 feet wide and 560 feet long and ran between River Avon and a circle of trees which is thought to have been used for ceremonies (E. Sohn, 2007). Two miles up river at Stonehenge is a similar road between the river and Stonehenge (E. Sohn, 2007). Many similarities between Durrington Walls and Stonehenge have been found. The roads at Durrington Walls and Stonehenge align with the position of the sunrise and sunset on the longest day of the year. A circle of trees at Durrington Walls and a set of three giant stones at Stonehenge frame the sunrise or sunset on the shortest day of the year. These similarities enforce the solstice belief. Discovered in 1925, Woodhenge has been linked to Stonehenge as they are both set in a circle and not very far apart. It has been dated to approximately 2300 – 2000BC making it close to the same timeline of building of the stone circle of Stonehenge. Durrington Walls a massive circular earthwork, or henge, about 500 meters located north of Woodhenge. Due to the number of animal bones found at the site, it has been suggested that the site was once a place for rituals. In summary Stonehenge is still intriguing as it was when first discovered. The original purpose still surrounds Stonehenge with mystery of what once was. The mystery is part of the lure to Stonehenge many of the stories told cannot be proven or disproven, which makes many of the stories true myths. The rich and mystical presence of Stonehenge will continue to lure future generations to observe and research in hopes to prove the origins as solid facts. References Dimitrakopoulos, S. (2004). Mystery of Stonehenge points to the heavens. Retrieved February 5, 2008 from http://exn.ca/mysticplaces/enigma.asp Hefner, Alan G. (2008, February 09). The Mystica: Stonehenge. Retrieved February 18, 2008 from themystica.com/mystica/articles/s/stonehenge.html Koranteng, J. (2004). All Around Europe, Culture Sticker Shock. Retrieved March 1, 2008 from EBSCO Host. Mystery Man of Stonehenge, (2005) Retrieved February 26, 2008 from smithsonianmag.com/travel/stonehenge.html Pitts, M. (2008). Retrieved March 1, 2008 from EBSCO Host. Sohn, E. (2007). Stonehenge Settlement. Retrieved March 1, 2008 from EBSCO Host. Stonehenge.co.uk (nd, nd). Your guide to Stonehenge. Retrieved March 1, 08, from http://stonehenge.co.uk/history.htm Stonehenge World Heritage Site, Retrieved February 18, 2008 from englishheritage.org.uk/stonehengeinteractivemap/sites/durrington_walls/03.html Sullivan, N. (1998). Welcome to the Stonehenge. Retrieved February 18, 2008 from fortunecity.com/roswell/blavatsky/123/stnhng.html Witcombe, C. (1998). Stonehenge England. Sacred Places. Retrieved March 1, 2008 from http://witcombe.sbc.edu/sacredplaces/stonehenge.html Research Papers on Mythical Place/Object PaperThree Concepts of PsychodynamicComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Hockey GameMind TravelGenetic EngineeringHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and Autumn

Shakespeares Brothers and Sisters

Shakespeare's Brothers and Sisters William Shakespeare came from a large family and had three brothers and four sisters ... although not all of them lived long enough to meet their most famous sibling! William Shakespeares brothers and sisters were: Joan ShakespeareMargaret  Shakespeare Gilbert  ShakespeareJoan  ShakespeareAnne  ShakespeareRichard  ShakespeareEdmund  Shakespeare Much is known of Shakespeare’s mother Mary Arden whose house in Wilmcote near Stratford-upon-Avon remains a tourist attraction and functions as a working farm. His father John Shakespeare, also came from farming stock and became a Glover. Mary and John lived in Henley Street Stratford upon Avon, John worked from his house. This is where William and his siblings were brought up and this house is also a tourist attraction and it is possible to see exactly how Shakespeare and his family would have lived. John and Mary had two children before William Shakespeare was born. It is not possible to give the exact dates as birth certificates were not produced in those times. However, due to high mortality rates, it was customary to have the child baptised as soon as three days after the birth so the dates given in this article are based on that assumption. Sisters:Joan and MargaretShakespeare Joan Shakespeare was baptised in September 1558 but sadly died two months later, her sister Margaret was baptised on December 2nd 1562 she died aged one. Both were thought to have caught the prolific and deadly bubonic plague. Happily William, John and Mary’s first born son was born in 1564. As we know he lived a very successful life until he was 52 and died in April 1616 on his own birthday. Brother:Gilbert Shakespeare In 1566 Gilbert Shakespeare was born. It is thought that he was named after Gilbert Bradley who was a burgess of Stratford and was a Glover like John Shakespeare. It is believed that Gilbert would have attended school with William, being two years younger than him. Gilbert became a haberdasher and followed his brother to London. However, Gilbert often returned to Stratford and was involved in a lawsuit in the town. Gilbert never married and died a bachelor aged 46 in 1612. Sister:Joan Shakespeare Joan Shakespeare was born in 1569 (It was customary in Elizabethan England for children to be named after their dead siblings). She married a hatter called William Hart. She had four children but only two survived, they were called William and Michael. William, who was born in 1600, became an actor like his uncle. He never married but it is thought he had an illegitimate child called Charles Hart who became a famous actor of the time. William Shakespeare gave permission for Joan to live in the western   house on Henley street (There were two houses) until her death at the ripe age of 77. Sister: Anne Shakespeare Anne Shakespeare was born in 1571 she was the sixth child of John and Mary but sadly she only survived until she was eight years old. It is thought that she also died of the bubonic plague. She was given and expensive funeral despite the family experiencing financial problems at the time. She was buried on April 4th 1579. Brother:Richard Shakespeare Richard Shakespeare was baptised on March 11th 1574. Little is known about his life but the families fortunes were in decline and as a result it is very likely that Richard did not receive an education like his brothers and he would have stayed home to help with the family business. Richard was buried on February 4th 1613. He died aged 39. Brother: Edmund Shakespeare Edmund Shakespeare was baptized in 1581, he was sixteen years William’s junior. By this time the Shakespeare’s fortunes had recovered. Edmund followed in his brother’s footsteps and moved to London to become an actor. He died aged 27 and his death is also attributed to the bubonic plague which had already claimed 3 of his sibling’s lives. William paid for Edmund’s funeral which was held in Southwark London 1607 and was attended by many famous actors from the Globe. After having eight children Mary, Shakespeare’s mother lived to the grand age of 71 and died in 1608. John Shakespeare, William’s father also lived a long life, dying in 1601 aged 70. Only their daughter Joan lived a longer life than them dying at 77.